Historical Systems of Power, Governance, and Authority Essay Example for Free

Recorded Systems of Power, Governance, and Authority Essay A. The ascent of new colonialism of the nineteenth and mid twentieth century included Europe going into Africa. The reasons for colonialism in Africa were somewhat because of the decolonization in America. The European forces were out political and financial increase by the United States picking up their autonomy. In 1876 European powers particularly King Leopold II of Belgium, concurred in the Berlin Conference to separate the land in Africa, done attacking to colonize however to increase political, military and monetary force. The techniques to government of the African land were done any other way, by every European force. The British who imperialized the cape of Africa utilized laws and aberrant techniques to pick up power, anyway King Leopold II utilized extraordinary power to deal with the Congo. The Congo was then administered with severe political control and military power. A1. Between the years 1885 and 1905 in excess of 10 million indigenous individuals of Congo were killed. Ruler Leopold II utilized the locals as slave work to pick up assets, for example, elastic and ivory. Edward Morel an official that checked transportation traffic began seeing that King Leopold II ships returned with huge amounts of payload, yet next to zero load was being sent to the Congo for exchange. Morel before long hit on an obvious conclusion and understood the local individuals were being utilized as slave work. In doing so Morel before long began to sort out a dissent. Other than the dissent that Morel began the individuals of Congo were quiet, because of numerous long periods of now and again use as slave workers. B. The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a savage unrest and in contrast with the Indian Independence Movement was a peaceful upset both had causes and objectives that will be talked about. To start, the Russian Revolution of 1917 was brought about by food deficiencies and the people groups resistance to theâ government, ran by Nicolas II who was dictator. Dictator Nicolas II had driven into World War I leaving the individuals in Russia in anguish because of the numerous misfortunes and monetary destruction. This destruction came because of the measure of officer and ponies being set into the war leaving the workers at home with lost labor to proceed with a, way of life( Causes of the Russian Revolution 2). Because of the diminishing in labor, and materials to use at the home front, costs expanded and a yearning endemic started. With hunger expanding and swelling of costs proceeding with strikes started, which in the end halted transportation. At the point when the transportation halted supplies and food didn't get to the warriors at war diminishing the measure of individuals who put stock in the autocrat. The objective of the laborers of the Russian Revolution of 1917, was to increase another pioneer and for their voices to be heard. In March 1917, an uproar of workers, and warriors raged the boulevards with the help of the Duma, a gathering of government authorities, compelling Nicolas II out of intensity. The Indian Independence Movement was a peaceful insurgency that picked up Indias autonomy in August 15, 1947 from Britain, French and Portugal. The beginning of the transformation started in 1857 when Indian fighters opposed the British East Indian Company when Indian political rights were not being regarded, anyway British crushed the issue. Inevitably, peaceful developments started in 1918-1922 when, concealment of common freedoms, political rights and culture, were not being perceived by the British (Sharma, S. (2010)). The development was driven by the Indian National Congress who were under the immediate initiative of Mohandas Ganghi. The development held a revolt in 1942, requesting that the British leave India, known as the Quit India Movement, because of the uproar in Calcutta, Independence was at long last gained(Sharma, S. (2010)). The objective of the upset was at long last met to increase common freedoms, political honesty and have Indian culture perceived. B1. The techniques of the two insurgency talked about above remember a mob for the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the uproar workers, fighters and the Duma stood together to over toss the emperor. In the Indian Independence Movement the techniques were to utilize blacklists and positions against the British power toâ gain their autonomy. References Reasons for the Russian Revolution of February/March 1917. (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.johndclare.net/Russ3.htm Causes of the Russian Revolution 2 What were the reasons for the Russian Revolution? (n.d.). Recovered from http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/russiaandukraine/a/Causes-Of-The-Russian-Revolution_2.htm Hochschild, A. (1999). Ruler Leopold’s apparition: An account of ravenousness, fear, and chivalry in provincial Africa [ebrary book]. Recovered from https://lrps.wgu.edu/arrangement/17910385 Sharma, S. (2010). Social equality developments [ebrary book]. Recovered from http://lrps.wgu.edu/arrangement/8542979 SparkNotes: Europe 1871-1914: The Scramble for Africa (1876-1914). (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1871-1914/section5.rhtml

The Liberal Backbone of America :: essays research papers

The Liberal Backbone of America Inside the system of vote based private enterprise, the American Constitution and government structure have an in a general sense liberal spine. Seen as an implicit understanding, the connection between the state and the individual is communicated in the Constitution which directs the liberal qualities naturally woven into American history. Joined with the Bill of Rights, the Constitution considers the delegate government responsible for its activities and sets limited cutoff points on the force it employs over the person. An entrepreneur society, for example, that of the United States utilizes tax assessment and riches appropriation as a device for controlling social balance, an unavoidable bad faith of liberal qualities in a law based government assistance state. Old style liberal qualities that hold the individual’s rights as principal have been modernized to suit a somewhat paternalistic social government assistance framework.      Classical radicalism recommends that the state and society can be seen as a monstrous implicit understanding. In a liberal law based nation, for example, America, the constitution is the central piece of that implicit understanding; it is an agreement between the state and the common society. The American constitution is a manual for enactment and its understanding. A basically liberal agreement, the constitution ties the administration, yet additionally the individuals. Through the constitution, the individuals on the whole focus on certain institutional strategies for overseeing open issues and settling social clashes. The constitution not just restricts the subjective intensity of the administration, it additionally keeps open organization from being harmed by individuals' momentary tempers and interests. Through the constitution, the individuals on the whole focus on specific checks against those whimsical human notions. A focal liberal guideline which the American constitution serves, is to constrain and isolate legislative force. The traditionally liberal doubt of majoritarian oppression has proceeded into present-day American legislative issues through its job in the Constitution. In a liberal established framework, there is a significant distinction between the constitution and conventional laws. While common laws can be adjusted or canceled to secure common freedoms by the national lawmaking body, or be announced illicit or unlawful by the procedure of legal survey (Burns et al, 1993, p.21), the national governing body ordinarily has no one-sided capacity to change or nullification the constitution, and the legal executive has no capacity to proclaim the constitution unlawful. For instance, in the United States, the constitution must be altered after the councils (or established shows) of 66% of the states support, or by a 66% vote of the two places of Congress, trailed by endorsement from seven ty five percent of the states or their approval shows (Burns et al, 1993, p.

Blog Archive mbaMissions Exclusive Interview with Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management Assistant Dean and Director of Admissions and Financial Aid Beth Flye

Blog Archive mbaMission’s Exclusive Interview with Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management Assistant Dean and Director of Admissions and Financial Aid Beth Flye Northwestern-Kelloggs  Assistant Dean  and Director of Admissions and Financial Aid, Beth Flye, was kind enough to spend some time with us. Ms.  Flye shares her thoughts on a variety of topics: Kelloggs plans for  the size of its class and its new building Her plans to review the open interview process at Kellogg Her advice to applicants who are a few years away from applying to business school The differences between applying in rounds one and two and more mbaMission: Hello, Beth. Thank you for taking the time to speak with us today. I’ll start with the same question I ask all Admissions Directors: What is Kellogg not known for that you feel it should be known for? Beth Flye: That’s a great question, and my response to that would be finance. Schools, like companies, can have a reputation for being known for X product or X service, and I think a number of business schools fall into that as well. And while we do have a strong reputation in marketing, and we’re very, very proud of that, there are other fantastic academic programs here at the school. The one I would highlight as far as the immediate response to your question would be finance, no question about it. And why do I say that? I think it’s for a number of reasons. I think it’s the curriculum we have in particular, also the faculty. In terms of the output side, for students that want to make a career changeâ€"let’s say they’ve been in a different functional role or different industry, and they want to work in a finance functional role or financial services industryâ€"it’s a great place to be. Another thing, too, is if you were to ask me what the most popular majors are here. We have an array of majors, and there are three [that are most popular]. I call them the big three, and they may slightly change from year to year as far as what is first, but they are finance, strategy and marketing. mbaMission: So, you enrolled the biggest class in Kellogg’s history this year, and I’m curious, are you expecting to scale things down or keep things consistent going forward? Was the increase accidental because of yield or was it by design? BF: Our plan in terms of enrollment goals for the total enrollment for 2010 is that we want it to be on par with the class we enrolled this year. We did have a goal of bringing in a few more students. We came in at the high end of our goal range, plus about seven to ten extra students beyond that, which is fine. From a service standpoint, space standpoint, everything was okay on that front. We wanted to bring in a few more students, and we were able to do that. This handful extra that we had, that was on the yield side. Our goal is to be [within] roughly the same range for this coming year as well. mbaMission: We talked a tiny bit about marketing a moment ago. The big Kellogg stereotypes involve marketing and teamworkâ€"can you talk about how teamwork is really manifested at Kellogg? BF: I believe in the philosophy here about teamwork. It’s actually very simple but powerfully true. I see it every day, not just with the students; teamwork is a way of life at Kellogg. It is a way of life that we think works for a number of reasons. Really, the bottom-line philosophy is to come up with the best ideas, to truly be innovative, to truly get to not just diagnosing a problem in a situation but also coming up with what’s going to be the strategy and plan for a solution. In order to do all of those things, the belief here is not to saddle one great mind with such goals and tasks but to put together a group of great minds. And that is where you’re going to get the absolute best approaches, again, whether it’s ideas, whether it’s solutions, whether it’s a strategic path. And it sounds very simple, but it is very true. And that’s coming back to the quality factor. I think that it starts with the input side, which is the admissions side. So again, how is teamwork manifested in the classroom? It really starts with the class that we bring in. We want the best and the brightest and the most interesting and, of course, people that want to be at Kellogg. I think one question that people ask me a lot is, “Hey, I very much embrace teamwork, but will I have a chance to shine on my own?” And the answer to that is, “Of course.” I think that’s one thing I would want to let your clients know or let the world at large know. That, hey, yes, you still are here to develop, and there will be numerous opportunities to do that as far as individual contribution. What we do here is work together, and students become very, very attuned to learning how to identify what other members of the team bring to the table, given the situation. I think our students become just really skilled in identifying the skills and talents of people very quickly and then learn how to employ those skills and talents and put them to work in a situation. Our recruiters comment every yearâ€"and we get a lot of great feedback that they see this more so with Kellogg grads than with most other B-school gradsâ€"that they [Kellogg students] have such an ability to be flexible, in terms of not just of getting along with people, but [also] working with others and learning very quickly how to draw out the skills and talents of their team members. Tha t in and of itself, I think, is an enormous skill. mbaMission: You mentioned recruiters on campus. I know that your main role is not in career services, but can you speak a little bit on what you’ve seen in terms of companies coming to campus this year versus last and the number of interview slots and that type of thing? BF: Sure. The good news is, I’ll call it The Portfolio of Recruitersâ€"you know, the companies that we’ve seen in the past couple of yearsâ€"they are returning, and we are very excited about that. That’s a great thing. What is maybe slightly different, depending on the specific company, and maybe in some cases depending on the industry, is that the companies are more cautiously optimistic. When I was out on the road, I was down in Charlotte and did a presentation hosted by Wachovia, and a couple of alums on the panel that worked there were telling me that. Saying, “We’ve got X, Y, Z hiring goals, and we’ll be coming up there.” And that was great, and I heard similar messages from a couple of other banks, just for example. The great news is that there seems to be this vibe of cautious optimism. However, some companies may not have as much of a robust or expansive on-campus interview schedule this year. So, for instance, Company C that was here last year will be back, will be recruiting Kellogg students, but it may not have as big an interview schedule this year. And to me that’s not surprising. I think the great thing, the biggest takeaway, is that it doesn’t sound like we lost anybody. That is great. mbaMission: That’s fantastic. When I was at Kellogg a little more than a year ago, it was mentioned that some land had been staked out for a new building, and I was curious as to whether a new campus is going to be built. If so, have these plans been delayed? BF: Great question. Let me tell you what I know. Plans are still in process as far as a new building for the Kellogg School. Just to give you kind of a leadership point about this, Northwestern has a new president that started this year, and I haven’t met him. I hope to at some point. I hear great things, and so I guess my question is: What’s the official status? Where are we in the plans? I know fundraising efforts are going on just as they have been, and they are in high gear, both at the university level as well as in Kellogg Development. Are we any closer to absolutely confirming a location, or when are we going to put a stake in the ground? I don’t have that information, but from what I gather, from what I know, this is still a go. Absolutely still a go. And that’s a great question. The school has grown, and I would want, the school would want, prospective candidates to know that they absolutely will have the resources that they need as far as infrastructure to be successful here. That comes first and foremost. But ideally? We have some goals that we want in a new space. We have grown. We need, literally, some more space. And that’s going to happen. mbaMission: I have a couple of questions about the application process itself. First, can you walk us through the life cycle of an application at Kellogg? BF: Sure, absolutely, glad to elaborate about that. Essentially what happens is once the deadline day hits and people have submitted their applicationsâ€"they’ve been hitting “submit” buttons before the application deadline, but after that time, I meanâ€"what we do is then download on our end and begin processing. And that’s the simple term there [processing], but it’s a very important part of our operation. It’s assembling one’s application materials into a physical application file. As we put together those applications, and as they’re completeâ€"and complete means we have everything, we have all the application components, all the information so that file is ready to go into the evaluation flowâ€"basically the large majority of the files are going to be read by three people, and the first stop is with a member of our Student Admissions Committee. Then it’ll go to an officer on my team who will see it, and then it will come to me. And believe it or not, now and then we may have some really difficult cases in which two of the three of us are really on different planes or all three of us are very different, and we have a process where we’ll bring in a fourth person. So the reason I highlight that is that there are lots of ways you can evaluate applications to business school, and while I would not say that ours is absolutely perfect, I think we come pretty darn close. We take it very seriously. A lot of time is invested on the evaluation side, and I never take it for granted that someone has made an active choice, as well as has made an investment to apply to Kellogg. And so by gosh, we absolutely owe every applicant the most through evaluation that we can give. And that’s exactly what we do. In terms of what happens after a decision, well, within each of our deadline periods, we don’t have a primary decision release date. We do have a date, I believe it’s January 11 for Round 1, for which we let the folks in Round 1 know, “Hey, the latest you would hear from us would be January 11,” but we don’t pull the lever on January 11 so that all decisions go out. I don’t have an exact date handy, but I would say the latter part of November, we will start releasing decisions. So it’s almost like a mini-rolling basis with an application round period. That’s how that works. mbaMission: Okay. So when you read an application, do you start with the applicant’s resume? Do you start with the essays? How do you actually approach reading each application? BF: For me, my approach is as follows. I look at the data form section, or Part One as we call it. Here are just kind of key points. Who is this person? Name? Where do they live? Where did they go to school? What did they put down as far as grades, degrees, GMAT scores, brief work information, etc.? For me that is getting a snapshot. It’s kind of saying, okay, let me just sketch out who this person is. Sometimes I’ll go straight to the resume right after that. The resume is also to me a very nice snapshot about a person, obviously on the work front. So that’s what I do. I also see the evaluations that the two readers ahead of me have made. I then read as much as I need to read to arrive at a decision. Do I do an absolute word-for-word, cover-to-cover read on every file? No. Decisions would probably never go out! That’s the responsibility of the two readers ahead of me. But like I said, there are times when I will say, “Hey I really want to do a cover-to-cover read.” So th at happens. Absolutely. That does happen. mbaMission: Kellogg is one of the few schools left that has an open interview policy. It has to be grueling. Some schools, notably Darden, have made a switch. How and why do you stick with it? BF: That’s what our policy still is for this coming year. Our policy is, we require you to request an interview, and we don’t admit anyone without some form of an interview. Whether it’s an alumni interview or one on campus, and in some casesâ€"and this would be if someone is remote or we don’t have enough alumniâ€"we’ll do telephone interviews. I do believe interviews are incredibly critical. I think business schools interview for similar reasons that companies do or any organization that is hiring someone. And for me, that means putting together, especially for those of us who later evaluate applications, putting together the two “Ps,” the Paper Perspectiveâ€"that tangible, written information that these guys have submitted as part of their applicationâ€"with the in-person, or People Perspective. And that’s very, very helpful. It has worked. I will say that I am presently very interested in stepping back and taking a look at not just the policy but the interviewing model and looking ahead. Would there be a change for this year? Of course not. Not at all. But it is something that I want us as an institution to take a look at. It’s almost like giving our interview policy, giving our interview model, a physical. Is this in the best interest of the school? Is this model, this policy serving us well? mbaMission: We find that applicants often want to reduce their applications to a science. Is there a “Kellogg” way to get into Kellogg? BF: I know that your audience would love for me to say yes, and there are days when even I wish that there was a yes to that. But I would say no. But in my saying no, please know that it’s not a negative answer whatsoever. If anything, I think it’s positive. There are some areas with the application criteria that if you think about an application and visualize it like a pie chart, you’ve got one slice for essays, and you’ve got one slice for quality of work experience, once slice for interviews and so forth. The great thing both for applicants and for those of us in admissions is that no person is the same. That is something I am very conscious of with every single application I read. That’s a good thing. I advise people to put together the absolute best application you can, and I think a big part of that, as clichéd as this is going to sound, is really just being who you are. Not trying to be who you think we want to read about or who we want to hear in an interview. Just be you. I think that’s where candidates sometimes fall into that trap of, “I’m trying so hard. I want my tone in the essays to be this.” They want to get in. I just think that first and foremost, getting back to the idea that it’s not a science, the most important advice, honestly, is to be yourself. Be yourself. To me, an application is a platform. Here’s another way I like to think about an application, it’s a different type of platform to educate us about who you are. Plain and simple. That responsibility does lie with the candidate. Educate us about who you are through this application. mbaMission: That question was a setup! People constantly call us up at mbaMission and say, “What is the Harvard way to get into Harvard or the Kellogg way to get into Kellogg?” As if there’s one secret formula the Admissions Committee is withholding only for the school’s favorite consultants or candidates. People will say, “Kellogg is a marketing school, so I’d better tell my marketing story.” But if you’re not a marketing person, and your best story is about supply chain, then tell your supply chain story. BF: Exactly. I think that’s an excellent point. I couldn’t agree with you more. It’s not a science. Do we like to see, as an example, really great academic performance? Sure we do. Who wouldn’t? Do we like to see people who have progressive work experience and have demonstrated promotion? Of course. But is that a guarantee of admission? No. And again, the good news is, we’re looking at all that criteria together holistically. We really are. Again, if you think of it like a pie chart, not everybody’s chart is going to be the same. Every single one will be different. And that, to me, is a good thing. mbaMission: Here’s another typical question we hear: Will a spelling error, typo or grammatical mistake kill an application? BF: My response to that would be, not necessarily. But I think there are a couple of things that really are pertinent for candidates to employ when they’re applying to Kellogg, or to any school, for that matter, and that are really critical in life, whether it’s work, outside of work, and those are good judgment and good self-awareness. We know applicants aren’t perfect. Sometimes Spell Check, when you meant to say “form” and it dispensed “from,” yes, that can happen. So if I see that one time, is it a deal breaker? No, not necessarily at all. Now if I see it scattered around, the first thing I’m going to be thinking is, “Wow, this person didn’t seem to invest a great amount of effort here.” That’s troublesome to me. See the difference? mbaMission: Yes, absolutely. Similarly, then, do you read applications in search of reasons to reject a candidate or reasons to accept the applicant? I think people sometimes feel as though the application process is a punitive one as opposed to one in which the Admissions Committee is truly seeking to learn about the candidate. BF: I think that’s a great question, and I’m just sitting here thinking to myself, “How do I do that?” I think with me, I guess my lens is, I’m looking for somebody great. I guess I have a positive attitude with every application that I pick up. We have an extremely competitive pool, but what that means is that we’ve got a great, great pool in terms of quality, in terms of composition and diversity. And that’s exactly what we want. Do we have a tough job in admissions on selectivity? Sure we do, but that’s exactly what we want. Whether you’re hiring somebody or admitting somebody to business school, you want to have the so-called pick of the litter. For me, I’m looking for the positive points, but if there is something there that is not as competitive, on average, it’s almost like in my mind, “Okay, note to self, what are some noteworthy points?” And those noteworthy points may be all really great as far as positives. Or it can be a mix. And that takes a lit tle bit more thinking time as far as making an evaluation, making a decision. In some casesâ€"and I’m happy to say, not many casesâ€"there may be, just looking across the board, signs that the applicant is just not competitive. What I mean by that is, they don’t have the work, they don’t have the grades, they didn’t do well in the interview. But overall, we have a great pool. mbaMission: So Round 2 is upon us. Are there any disadvantages to applying in Round 2 rather than in Round 1? BF: For Kellogg, absolutely not. I’m glad that you brought this up. This relates to some very common questions that we get: “When should I apply? Should I do it for Round 1? Do I even have a prayer in Round 2?” And my response is the same. Number one, apply when you’re ready. It takes a lot of time, effort, a lot of thinking [to apply]. It’s a project. It really is. It’s not something that’s meant to be rushed. So for Kellogg, if someone for whatever reason does not feel comfortable applying in that first round, but they’re thinking that second round is really going to work, they should go for it. Absolutely. In addition to applying when you’re ready, I would strongly encourage that if possible, apply in one of the first two rounds. Are we going to shun those who apply in the third round? No, not at all. The reasons that I say that are, just looking at history, most of our applications come in during the first two rounds. Therefore, we select a large proportion of the class from those first two rounds. Related to that, we’ve had a trend where our yield suddenly was significantly higher than maybe what we had forecast. That suddenly becomes a factor for us about how many more people we can admit. That’s why I’m saying, aim for one of the first two rounds if possible. mbaMission: What would you say to someone who is two years out of college in terms of shaping their candidacy going forward? What advice do you have for someone like that? BF: You mean, they’re looking at business school in their future but not applying right at two years out? Is that correct? mbaMission: Exactly. BF: I think in terms of just their work, they’re on a work path, even though their career may change, and it may change a few times. I think, make the most of your work experience. Not to sound like your parents, but absolutely do the best you can. A question related to this that I get a lot is, “What should I be doing? What type of work should I be doing?” I don’t see that as an issue. I think, follow your heart. And whatever you do, do it extraordinarily well. That is what I would say. Make the most out of it. Learn as much as you can where you are, and then apply those learnings in your work and career going forward. The other thing is, if someone is looking ahead, be proactive. If you think you may be going down the business school path in terms of applying, what are some things that you can be proactive about? Go ahead and take the GMAT if you haven’t. I really do think there’s a lot to be said for test performance for those who have not been away from school too long versus if you take it 15 years later. Nothing wrong with 15 years later, but why not take it when you’re still relatively fresh coming out of undergrad? I would definitely do that. I would also go ahead and research schools. Get a feel for programs, from admissions to curricular offerings to career management. Go ahead and become knowledgeable about the business schools out there. What does an admissions process look like? I would also say that if someone did not have the most competitive academic record, then show us that you can do the work. Take some classes. That’s not just going to help you as an applicantâ€"it’s like spinach. It can only be good for you. I always tell people if you’re thinking ahead, think about where you can be proactive, not just as an applicant, but also envision yourself as a future student. What can you do to try to be as successful as you can? Those are just some of the things. And I think on the personal, extracurricular front, schools are looking for well-rounded people. Whatever your passions are, dive in headfirst. We don’t have an approved list of extracurricular activities; that’s not what we do. But I would say, make the most of your life, not just when you are in undergrad, not just academically and not just professionally. What other passions do you have? Go with that. mbaMission: You’re like a myth destroyer here! This is the kind of information we give to candidates all the time, so it’s great to have it corroborated by you. BF: Honestly, I will say from my working standpoint, thank heavens there’s not a short list. I would be bored to tears, and I think business school would be a boring experience. Just like on the work front, we’re not concerned about exactly what your title is and how marquee of a company name you have. What have you been doing? What did you learn? And it’s pretty exciting when you see somebody coming from Wall Street, and then you see somebody coming from the military in Israel, and the next thing you know, look at this, a rabbi is applying. It’s just incredible. My advice would be to just follow your heart, and do those things on the professional front, and do them extraordinarily well. mbaMission: Is there anything else you want people to know about Kellogg or applying to the school? Is there anything we haven’t covered that you think is important for people to know? BF: One of the things I think makes Kellogg incredibly unique is that we are about diversity. That has many meanings, not just that we have a variety of all kinds of students here, and we want that. We also have a diverse portfolio of majors and elective courses and that translates out. Really bright, interesting, unique students marry that with the diverse curriculum we’re offering, and what does that attract? That attracts a really diverse base of companies and industries. And we have historically fared very well in downward times with the economy, and I think a lot of that has to do with not just the quality of the students that we have here but again the diversity factor that really starts in admissions and goes all the way through the school and translates out on the recruiter side. That’s one thing I would highlight. A second thing, which we touched on, would be the myth of “I can’t apply in Round 2.” Absolutely you can. Absolutely. I certainly hope we’re going to see a nice robust and high-quality pool in Round 2.  The third thing I would say is on the financial resources front. This has been a priority, and it continues to be a priority that we want to do as much as we can to help admitted applicants on the financial aid side. We do have financial assistance that admitted applicants can apply for, both U.S. citizens and permanent residents. We have an array of merit-based scholarships, no separate application required, and then we also have our Northwestern Loan Program. We never lost our loan program, and this is university funds. So, as you know, a number of schools last year suddenly lost their programs because the bank that they were working with pulled the plug. Our loan program is still in place, and I definitely think it is a reasonable program in terms of rates and so forth. An d this is especially key for our international applicants. And then related to financial assistance, for the military folks who have served post 9/11, we are a participant in the Yellow Ribbon Program, and we’re very, very proud of that. And so all the information about how many folks we can award funding to, the matching, etc., we’ve got that all on our Web site. But I wanted to let you know Kellogg is participating in that. mbaMission: Thank you again, Beth. It has been great talking with you, and I really appreciate your time. Share ThisTweet Admissions Officer Interviews (Past Directors) Business School Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Company Profile Amazon.com, Inc. - 1183 Words

Company Profile Amazon.com, Inc. NAME: DIEGO FERNANDEZ PROFESSOR: JOSE CASAL COURSE: MGMT 390-455 Amazon.com, Inc. is an American electronic commerce company that started as a bookstore on the internet with a different name, Cadabra.com. Jeffrey Bezos, founder and CEO of Amazon.com, incorporated the company on July, 1994. The site went online as Amazon.com in July 1995, with headquarters in Seattle, Washington, United States (Securities, 3). Bezos named the company Amazon.com, because he wanted a name for his company that began with â€Å"A† so that it would appear early in alphabetic order when someone look for it in the internet. He looked through the dictionary and settled on â€Å"Amazon†,†¦show more content†¦It had a strategy of building strong brand recognition, customer loyalty and supplier relationships. In its two first two months of business, Amazon sold to all 50 states and over 45 countries. Its sales increased rapidly. Through December 31, 1996, Amazon had sales of more than $16 million to approximately 180 000 customer accounts (Securities, 4). Amazon began as an online bookstore, but over the last decade has branched out into additional product areas. The company diversified and started selling DVDs, VHSs, CDs, MP3, video games as digital and physical copies, toys, food, apparel, furniture, electronics, and jewelry. Besides, Amazon selling products created by other industries. The company has also created its own products. They sell exclusive products like the Fire TV, Fire kindle, and Amazon Fire phone; these products can be purchased on its own website. They also provide a membership that offers two-day shipping and an instant streaming of selected movies and TV shows. This membership is called Amazon Prime. Thanks to this variety, Amazon started to compete with other indust ries like Apple, Netflix, Hulu, and to expand to different area of the world. New Amazon sites were created as Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.de. This helped to service customers outside of the United States. Amazon has always sold goods out of its own warehouses, but it has created a way to help other retailers and individual sellers. Retailers like

The Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox ) - 1526 Words

Essay #1- Tax Advantages and Disadvantages of Sarbanes-Oxley Eric Kitts Liberty University Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 was implemented to deter fraudulent activities amongst companies by monitoring and auditing financial activities as well as set up internal controls to aid in the safeguard of company funds and investor’s interest. SOX also regulates the non-audit tax services (NATS) that can be performed by an auditing firm. SOX was passed by Congress in 2002 in an attempt to address the unethical behaviors of corporate firms such as Enron, WorldCom, Sunbeam, and others (Raabe, Whittenburg, Sanders, Sawyers, 2015). Raabe et al. (2015) continues explaining that SOX was created in response to the inadequacies†¦show more content†¦However, the application of SOX has brought on regulations that public companies must put in place and follow to prohibit these unethical occurrences. One major advantage for associated with SOX is that more thorough audits are being conducted by auditing firms. Audits being conducted more thoroughly will provide accuracy and an increased reliability of financial data. This will affect taxes in a positive way and provide firms with an advantage. Causholli, Chambers, and Payne (2014) suggest that prior to the implementation of SOX in 2002, â€Å"an auditor’s opportunity to sell additional non-audit services in the subsequent year, coupled with the client’s willingness to buy services, intensified the economic bond between auditor and client, in turn reducing auditor independence and the quality of financial reporting† (p.681). The regulation of auditor provided non-audit tax services has increased the reliability of tax and financial reporting within companies. Seetharaman, Sun, and Wang (2011) explain that â€Å"in a post-Sarbanes-Oxley environment, the benefits of auditor-provided non-audit tax services (NATS) seem to manifest themselves in higher quality tax-related financial statement management assertions† (p. 677). Auditing firms are no longer able to focus primarily on selling additional services. Instead, they are now concerned with providing excellent service to the client. This has resulted in additional tax and financial reporting

The Processes of Visual Perception and Visual Sensation...

The Processes of Visual Perception and Visual Sensation Visual perception and visual sensation are both interactive processes, although there is a significant difference between the two processes. Sensation is defined as the stimulation of sense organs Visual sensation is a physiological process which means that it is the same for everyone. We absorb energy such as electro magnetic energy (light) or sound waves by sensory organs such as eyes. This energy is then transduced into electro chemical energy by the cones and rods (receptor cells) in the retina. There are four main stages of sensation. Sensation involves detection of stimuli incoming from the surrounding world, registering of the stimulus by the receptor cells, transduction or†¦show more content†¦Figure-ground involves the target stimulus being called the figure, while everything that surrounds this figure is called the ground, or background. The differentiation between these is called figure-ground perception. In perception we give most of our attention on the figure. Studies of the way people view pictures have shown that most attention is given to the figure and little is reserved for the ground. This difference was recorded when the recording of eye movement patterns of individuals while they looked at pictures took place. Some important factors that influence the way people determine the figure from the ground included size: the smaller the area were more likely to be seen as a figure than larger areas. Familiarity is also important, meaning that familiar shapes and forms are more often perceived as figures. Also objects that are symmetrical are more often seen as figures. Advertisers use this deliberately to make customers think of their product and remember it. The figure-ground tendency is exploited in reversible figure-ground figures. It is a coarse rendition of the vase/two faces figure. The drawing can either be seen as a central white vase, or two black faces looking at each other. Generally when you see one of the perceptions, the oth er regions forms a background and is not seen. So to see both perceptions requires switching to one from the other. Another principle involved in visual perception is called closure.Show MoreRelatedVisual Perception1268 Words   |  6 PagesVisual perception and visual sensation are both interactive processes, although there is a significant difference between the two processes. Sensation is defined as the stimulation of sense organs Visual sensation is a physiological process which means that it is the same for everyone. We absorb energy such as electro magnetic energy (light) or sound waves by sensory organs such as eyes. This energy is then transduced into electro chemical energy by the cones and rods (receptor cells) in the retinaRead MorePsychology Is The Scientific Study Of Human Brain And Its Characteristics1694 Words   |  7 Pagesare fundamentally different from animals. The cognitive approach thinks with the thoughts and mental processes of humans- how they acquire, store and receive information from the outside world. The last one is about the biological setting of humans and anim als, which means to perceive physical functions of the thoughts and processes portrayed through various bodily structures and biochemical processes. From the above introduction, it is clear that psychology offers a vast area of study presently,Read MoreVisual Information Processing Paper Week 2 PSYCH6401693 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Visual Information Processing Roland Browne PSYCH/640 December 16, 2013 Visual Information Processing The human brain is capable of perceiving and interpreting information or stimuli received through the sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin) (Weiten, 1998). This ability to perceive and interpret stimulus allows the human being to make meaningful sense of the world and environment around them. However, even as the human being is able to perceive and interpret stimuli informationRead MoreDifferent Visual Illustrations in Perception Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Visual Illustrations in Perception How can visual illusions illustrate top down processes in perception? Contrast this with a visual illusion that can be explained through bottom up processes. 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To understand the basic concept of visual form agnosia, it is important to first understand that perception and recognition are separate processes. Perception is defined as the ability to become aware of something through our senses, and recognition is the ability to put an object in a group that gives the item meaning. When a person suffers from visual form agnosia, they are generally able to identify the itemRead MorePerception Plays A Huge Role In Someone’S Life. â€Å"When A1297 Words   |  6 PagesPerception plays a huge role in someone’s life. â€Å"When a distinction is made between sensation and perception, sensation is frequently identified as involving simple â€Å"elementary† processes that occur right at the beginning of a sensory system, as when light stimulates receptors in the eye. In contrast, perception is identified with complicated processes that involves higher-order mechanisms such as understanding and memory that involve activity in the brain† (Goldstein, 1980, p. 7). It is simply theRead MoreThe Human Body And Mind Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesregulate the heartbeat, breathing, sight, sensations, hearing and many other functions that our body’s perform every moment of our lives, we would die. Look at the brain as a computer motherboard, it is programed to tell our body what to do when to do it through thought or instinct. In order for the brain to tell our body’s exactly how to react to a situation i t first must know what is going on. This is accomplished throughout the body by Sensation and Perception. To show how this process works in the

Theatre Experience related to Africa

Question: Discuss about theatre experience related to Africa. Answer: This particular assignment has focused to discuss about my experience on theatre that is related to Africa. I have recently visited a play named Proud to Present in the theatre hall named Durbans theatre. I was amazed to behold the entire setting of a theatre hall. I have visited a large theatre hall where spectators got enough space for enjoying the play. The curtains have been designed very intellectually so that the performance of two different characters can be shown in different ways belonging to the same stage. The setting of light has been organized from every corner of the stage that enhances the beauty of theatre hall. Lighting reflects the significance of the characters. Use of various colours of light provides an extravagant look on the characters and on the theatre hall. I was literally surprised to observe the acting capability of the local actors. They may not have an international fame and glory. I was literally surprised to see the spontaneous overflow of expressions of the actors. The way they utilized the entire stage maintaining the pace and the rhythm of the play, is wonderful as well as commendable. I have also noticed the wonderful designed costume of the African actors. It represents the African culture. Especially the HERERO has been costumed with simple tea-shirt. The children who had been used in this play were the symbol of happiness and anger both. I have come across an wonderful experience watching the play Proud to Present sitting at the theatre hall of Africa.

African Americans and Making a Difference essays

African Americans and Making a Difference essays Imagine walking down the street, while being called derogatory names. Imagine being legally banned from sitting in the front of the bus. Imagine how one must feel as he or she gives up the only seat to a white person and being forced to stand rather than sit. Imagine the fear one must feel as fellow citizens hatefully bomb his or her home. These are just a few examples of the hateful, violent acts of racial discrimination, which all African Americans were forced to endure. Because the suffering had become too much to bear, African Americans began speaking out against racial discrimination. As many leaders supporting the cause emerged, one man seemed to stand out in the crowd and take a starring role in what would become the civil rights movement. This man, whose name is most associated with the civil rights movement, was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. His belief that African Americans could only gain civil rights through passive resistance and the use of non-violent protests differed from the beliefs of other civil rights leaders. King demonstrated his belief through the use of sit-ins, protests, and speeches, and his involvement in nonviolent groups and organizations working toward equality for African Americans. Such organizations were the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and a Youth March for Integrated Schools. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, "somebody will have to say 'Th ere lived a race of people, a black people, fleecy locks and black complexion, but a race of people who had the moral courage to stand up for their rights...."(Carson 2). The passive resistance ideology of Martin Luther King, Jr. is responsible for the success of the civil rights movement during the 1960's. At the very young age of six, King experienced his first encounter with racial discrimination. His experience at a young age led to the life-long goal of changing the way African ...

5 Life Lessons You Can Learn from Martin Luther King, Jr.

5 Life Lessons You Can Learn from Martin Luther King, Jr. There is so much we can all learn from Martin Luther King, Jr, and not just on the day off we get once a year to commemorate his life! But it might not have occurred to you to adapt some of his deep wisdom to your own life and career. Here are 5 powerful lessons from Dr. King that could help you live better, do better, and go further.1. Ask why.And more importantly, ask â€Å"why not?† If someone tells you something is impossible, ask this very important question to figure out why they are so convinced, and whether you might be able to offer a solution no one else had seen. When looking for answers to some of the biggest questions of a generation, Dr. King turned to other sources for inspiration. This  teaches us the answers to our problems will often come from unexpected corners, and how important it is to learn from other people and other cultures as much as we can.2. You can’t change change.Change is constant. Dr. King was initially hesitant to join in the 1963 Mar ch on Washington, but he adapted to the evolving movement and ended up leading one of the most moving and effective platforms for social change. Be adaptable. Realize that change is inevitable. All you can control is what you do in the face of it.3. Find where you can give, not just receive.Dr. King once said, â€Å"Life’s most persistent and urgent question is, ‘What are you doing for others?’† In stressful times, it becomes very difficult to focus on anyone but ourselves. But this is a moral requirement, and increasingly more so in our interconnected, fast-paced world. When you’re in a rut, focus on helping people- you’ll be surprised at what a difference that can make.4. Tune out the critics.As long as you’ve chosen a path that’s good and a cause that you are passionate about, and as long as you’re pursuing both with integrity, honesty, and concern for others, then you’ll need to tune out the haters now and then . People will always be critical. Rejection will always happen, particularly in the course of a career. But if you know you’re doing the right thing, you should keep doing it.5. Leave a legacy.Think about what sort of mark you want to leave on the world. Is the work you’re doing going to make a difference to the next generation? Even if you can’t make an impact on the same scale as Dr. King, you can figure out ways to leave your workplace, industry, etc., a little better off for your having been there.

Letters to the Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letters to the Editor - Essay Example Junk foods are food containing high levels of fats and calories (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 5). The continuous consumption of junk foods leads to fat accumulation in the body. Due to the slow rate of metabolism caused by junk food the body gains more weight. The accumulation of calorie and gaining of body weight leads to obesity (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 5). Obesity has led to loss of lives. Weight gain caused by over consumption of junk food result to other disorders like cardiac problems, increase in the level of cholesterol, artery blockage, high pressure of the blood, loss of muscle mass, depression among others (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 6). The consumption of junk food increases the level of cholesterol in the body. The increased level of cholesterol leads to the thickening of arteries and thus causing their blockage. The blockage of the arteries leads to high blood pressure which causes death (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 6). The consumption of junk food causes many health problems alongside the mentioned few. According to the interview done in one of the United States hospitals, the results showed that many patients suffering from the mentioned disorders consume on junk food (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 6). The citizens should be aware of the food they consume and the government should therefore implement regulations on the making and consumption of junk food (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 6). The objection due to loss of employment cannot be measured by the value of life of individuals. Are you still consuming junk food? How can the health professionals make us believe that most of us suffer from health problems as a result of consuming the junk food? Junk food is cheap and can be accessed very easily making many people to rely on it as an alternative (Schreier & Hans-Ulrich 6). This has led to many health problems as shown by statistic. Some people argue that

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business Environment - Essay Example Globalization has its benefits and challenges. However, it is almost inevitable and the global economy is expected to continue influencing operations of businesses. This paper â€Å"International Business Environment† addresses the question on whether globalization is good or not. The discussion will involve a brief explanation on how different schools of thoughts perceive globalization. Additionally the drivers of globalization, its implications on international business, the benefits, and challenges of globalization to the international society in general will be discussed.Globalization as Perceived by Various Schools of ThoughtInternational business entails any business activity conducted across national borders. The activities may involve sell of goods or services but must be done between two or more countries. Most multinational companies may have their management located in one country. However, they are international since they carry out business activities across more than one nation. International business has become a common phenomenon that influences decision in the political social as well as economic arena. International business operations are characterized by opportunities as well as challenges (Bray, 2003; Stefanovic, 2008).The term globalization means different things to different people. Some view globalization as increased worldwide interconnectedness in different aspects such as cultural as well as social ones. Hyperglobalists describe globalization as a phenomenon that exposes people.... International business operations are characterized by opportunities as well as challenges (Bray, 2003; Stefanovic, 2008). The term globalization means different things to different people. Some view globalization as increased worldwide interconnectedness in different aspects such as cultural as well as social ones. Hyperglobalists describe globalization as a phenomenon that exposes people to international market resulting in denationalization of economies. Skeptics consider globalization to be the economic interdependence resulting from economic integration. However, skeptics oppose hyperglobalist argument that globalization leads to denationalization. Conversely, skeptics claim that globalization leads to increased influence of national governments on the global economy (Bray, 2003). Transformationalists agree with the hyperglobalists’ argument that globalization reshapes social, political, and economic societies. However, transformationalist fail to agree with hyperglobalis ts’ argument that globalization leads to assimilation of the global societies into a single society. They argue that existence of a single business system does not mean that the global economic society is unionized (Bray, 2003). Drivers of Globalization Although the process of globalization has been going on for a long period, it has intensified in the recent past. There are several factors also referred to as drivers that are responsible for the increased pace of globalization. The main driver of globalization is technology. The economic world has made a great leap in technological advancement. Communication plays a major role in the business environment (Devemdra, 2009). This is because most business

Importance of Conservation Essay Example for Free

Importance of Conservation Essay The term wildlife has been used to refer to species of wild plants and animals. Nature is a term which infers not only life forms but also the interactions between those life forms. Biodiversity is a comprehensive word for the degree of nature’s variety, including both the number and frequency of ecosystems, species and genes in a given assemblage. It is a word which embraces both species richness and genetic diversity, both of which are being threatened throughout the world. Species extinctions and a reduction in genetic variability is taking place at rate never before witnesses. These losses can be attributed to various factors including pollution, physical disturbance, exploitation for food and other uses, deliberate extirpation, and habitat loss and fragmentation; the last of these is undoubtedly the most serious threat. Symptomatic of the rapidly growing human population, pollution, extinctions and habitat loss are all contributing to a diminished quality of life for future generations (Spellerberg, 1992). Conservation of Botanical Diversity Plants are the basis for life on Earth and without their capacity to capture the sun’s energy through the process of photosynthesis there would be no life in our planet. Therefore the conservation of plants is vital to the continued existence of life. There are between 250 and 300 thousand species of flowering plants, an estimated 200 thousand species of ferns, conifers, mosses and liverworts, giving a total of over half a million plant species in the world. Each species has different habitat requirements, performs different ecological functions in different ecosystems and has different uses or potential uses for humankind. It is not then enough to preserve a few selected plant species. For the survival of a quality of life, and the maintenance of the physical processes such as climate patterns, atmosphere and soil, the majority of plant species are needed. It is, therefore, of utmost importance that conservation techniques for plants aim at preserving as many species as possible (Maxted, Ford-Lloyd, Hawkes, 1997). Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Nature conservation generally focuses on land and distinguishes between two main types of protected area: the national or international parks, and reserves. Like in the case of Konza Prairie Trail, aside from research purposes, the site is also being conserved to preserve the biodiversity in the area and save the animals that are living in the site (Mason, 2007). National/international parks are heterogeneous areas in which generally different biotopes are present and in which some processes are sufficiently conserved. Reserves are generally patchy and smaller, being surrounded by an agricultural or developed matrix. Nature conservation plans are generally achieved following three main approaches: Conservation of threatened plants and animal populations; Conservation of representative biotopes (a piece of land with a particular type of nature), including communities and ecological processes; Conservation of areas with high biological and/or ecological diversity Generally conservation policies tend to conserve structures rather than processes. Landscape ecology can be useful for nature conservation because it takes into consideration the spatial arrangement of habitats, and consequently considers structures and processes as perceived by the different species. This perception often does not coincide with human perception, creating difficulties when management action is required. A compromise should be found, since in the future wild, remote and large areas will be increasingly rare because of human intrusion (Farina, 1997).

The Diary of Anne Frank :: essays research papers

The Diary of Mrs. Frank D-day 1944,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel terrible. I don ‘t know what I was thinking, trying to kick Mr. and Mrs. Van Daan out of our hiding place. My family has never seen me like this. I must’ve forgotten to tell you what happened. Well, let me tell you. We were all sleeping when I opened my eyes, and saw Mr. Van Daan stealing bread. I immediately woke up everyone, by screaming and shouting at him. My husband had to hold me away from Mr. Van Daan, or else I would’ve hit him with my fist. I was so ashamed of myself, thinking how my family must’ve felt about me,. Anne already hates me. Think of how embarrassed she must be, to have a mother like me. Afterward, I told them to leave at once. My dear husband, thankfully, tried to pacify me that I was only speaking in anger, but I just could not listen to him. Soon, Peter came storming in the room yelling D-day has occurred, while I was just sitting there ruining everyone’s celebration by crying. I was mad at myself fo r not being very polite to our hosts, after all they have done for us. This is a very happy moment for all of us that D-day has landed. Maybe, just maybe, liberation will occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hanukkah, 1942,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is I again, here to report the daily news. Today was the Jewish holiday, Hanukkah. Every year we give presents to our family and friends, but this year we can scarcely go to the bottom storey of our shelter to get presents. We all felt disappointed about not getting or receiving gifts, but I felt the worst. You see, Anne had managed to brighten up Hanukkah with presents for all.

Chinese Food Essay

China is a country which has a long history and tradition dealing with food, especially eating habit. There are lots of rules or customs about how to eat in a polite way. First of all, the way you eat can sort of show your social. The funniest habit is that Chinese people share food; this means that all the dishes are placed on the table and everybody can eat whatever they want. Moreover, Chinese dining customs are built on tradition; they are not casual. People should talk less while eating when it is an official situation or the atmosphere is really serious because when you have food in your mouth and you want to talk, there is high possibility that the food is splashed from your mouth, then it would be really rude and impolite to others. In addition, Chinese people never place those chopsticks vertically in rice even they are eating at home because Chinese people incense dead person by inserting two sticks of incenses upright into sand or rice. Therefore, it looks like people who place those chopsticks like that are wishing death upon other people at the table. What people should do is place those chopsticks on the dish or rest them on the chopstick stand. At the same time, any kinds of sounds are not allowed either. People should eat quietly and slowly in order to show politeness and respect, this means people shouldn’t tap on the bowl with chopsticks or spoons. Following these eating habits can help people feel comfortable and relaxed when they are eating with others.

Do Fish Feel Pain The Science Is In

The reasons for not eating fish range from animal rights concerns to the effects of overfishing on the environment. Do Fish Feel Pain? Its easy to dismiss the lowly fish. They are so low on the food chain they’re easily forgotten in animal rights conversations. Thoughts about the feelings of fish are not nearly as sexy as some of the bigger campaigns such as greyhound racing, dolphin slaughter and horse soring. In a 2016 focus essay written by Brian Key, Head of the Brain Growth and Regeneration Lab at the University of Queensland and published in a peer review journal entitled Animal Sentience, Key makes the point that fish do not feel pain since they lack certain brain and neurological functions necessary to act as pain receptors. After mapping the brains of fish, Key concluded â€Å"that fish lack the necessary neurocytoarchitecture, microcircuitry, and structural connectivity for the neural processing required for feeling pain.† But some of his peers strongly disagree, and more scientists and biologists are conducting their own studies which, frankly, directly contradict Key’s assertions. For example, Yew-Kwang Ng Division of Economics Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, argues that Key’s opinions are not salient and do not â€Å"support a definite negative conclusion that fish do not feel pain†¦ many researchers believe that the telencephalon and pallium in fish may be performing functions equivalent to some functions of our cerebral cortex.† In other words, fish most definitely have the ability to feel pain. Ng has written over a hundred essays on what he calls â€Å"welfare biology,† or the study of reducing suffering in wildlife. He appears to be passionate about his work, and wouldn’t be pushing the idea of welfare biology if he didn’t believe that animals were truly suffering. The movement can use more scientists who are engaged; and the world can use more compassionate scientists who offer statistics, proof and raw data about animals. These studies strengthen not only the argument for animal rights, but also our resolve to keep raising the bar until all animals are safe from exploitation, pain and death. Even fish. It turns out they can count too. According to a 2008 article in The Guardian, fishies got some math skills! The subject of fishing has long been the red-haired step child in the animal rights movement. With so many other atrocities being addressed by the movement at large, it’s sometimes easy to forget that fish are indeed animals and should be included in discussions about animal rights. As Ingrid Newkirk, co-found of PeTA once said, â€Å"Fishing is not a harmless activity, it’s hunting in the water.† In a December, 2015 article for the Huntington Post, Marc Beckoff, Professor emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado tells us that not has science proved fish feel pain, but it’s time we all â€Å"get over it and do something to help these sentient beings.† Touchà © Some may question whether a fish is capable of feeling pain. I would ask those questioners if they have their own motives for denying a fish’s capacity for pain. Are they trophy hunters? Parents looking to bond with their kids? People who like to fight with big gamefish because they â€Å"put up a great fight†? Are they consumers of the fish they catch and eat? I once chastised a kid for terrorizing a family of ducks living peacefully on a pond in a park. The kid was heartlessly chasing the ducks, while the mom looked on dispassionately. I asked the mom, â€Å"Don’t you think it’s wrong to teach your kid that it’s ok to torment animals?† She gave me a blank look and said â€Å"Oh it’s harmless, he’s giving them some exercise!† Seeing the look on my face, she asked â€Å"You fish don’t you? What’s the difference?† I don’t fish, of course, but her assumption that I did spoke volumes. The general public thinks of fishing as just a pastime, or sport. Many self-titled â€Å"animal lovers† not only eat fish, but catch them as well. They’re quite annoyed when I point out that, though they believe themselves to be compassionate, their empathy may extend past their own dogs or cats to the factory farm, but stops at water’s edge. Watching a terrified fish struggle at the end of a fish hook is enough evidence for most people who believe all animals are sentient, but it’s always good to have the science to back it up. Numerous recent studies have shown that they do feel pain. [Note: This is not an endorsement of animal experimentation, but the  ethical objections to vivisection  do not mean that the experiments are scientifically invalid.] For example, a study by  the Roslin Institute and the University of Edinburgh  revealed that fish reacted to exposure to noxious substances in ways that are comparable to â€Å"higher mammals.† The reactions of the fish to these substances, â€Å"do not appear to be reflex responses.† A study conducted at Purdue University showed that fish not only feel pain but will  remember the experience and react with fear afterwards. In the Purdue study, one group of fish was injected with morphine while the other was injected with a saline solution. Both groups were then subjected to uncomfortably warm water. The group injected with morphine, a painkiller, acted normally after the water temperature returned to normal, while the other group â€Å"acted with defensive behaviors, indicating wariness, or fear and anxiety.† The Purdue study demonstrates that not only do fish experience pain, but their nervous system is similar enough to ours that the same painkiller works in both fish and humans. Other studies show that  crabs and shrimp also feel pain. Overfishing Another objection to eating fish is partially environmental and partially selfish: overfishing. While the array of fish available in the supermarket may lull some into believing that overfishing is not a serious problem, commercial fisheries around the world have been collapsing. In a 2006 study published by an international team of 14 scientists, data indicates that the world’s supply of  seafood will run out by 2048. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the  United Nations estimates  that â€Å"over 70% of the world’s fish species are either fully exploited or depleted.† Also, In the last decade, in the north Atlantic region, commercial fish populations of cod, hake, haddock and flounder have fallen by as much as 95%, prompting calls for urgent measures. The drastic reduction in certain species could have dire consequences for entire ecosystems. In the Chesapeake Bay, the mass removal of oysters appears to have caused  significant changes in the Bay: As the oysters declined, the water became cloudier, and sea grass beds, which are dependent on light, died off and were replaced by phytoplankton that does not support the same range of species. However,  fish farming is not the answer, either from an animal rights standpoint or an environmental one. Fish raised on a farm are no less deserving of rights than those living wild in the ocean. Also, fish farming causes many of the same environmental problems as factory farms on land. Whether the concern is about the decimation of a food supply for future generations, or about the domino effects on the entire marine ecosystem, overfishing is another reason not to eat fish. This article was updated and re-written in large  part by  Michelle A. Rivera